3.3.2           Weighting category Risk

For the estimation of the risk potential emanating from a chemical reaction, flash point, vapor pressure, reactivity (e. g., with atomospheric oxygen and water), toxicity data, and lots of others are important parameters. However, a quick composition of information and utilization for an early evaluation of the synthesis’ strategy, as well as for a comparison of various options, is not possible without expenses. Therefore, it makes sense to refer to the easily accessible R-phrases determined for the substances and, where these informations are compiled. According to the urgency of an endangerment by chemical substances, all R-phrases were assigned to the weighting factors 0.1 to 5. Normally, the R-phrase specification “very toxic” gains a higher value Q than “toxic”, and this correspondingly higher than “harmful” – analogously explosiveness and inflammability, as well. The more conditions must be fulfilled in case of danger, the lower the values are for Q. Endangerment for the nature get lower values of Q, because in this category the occupational safety and health is regarded. Normally, precondition for the endangerment by swallowing is the active self-fault , and, therefore, it gets the value Q = 0.5, or, even if longer exposition is necessary because of danger of swallowing, only the value Q = 0.1. If several R-phrases are assigned to a substance, the corresponding values for Q are summed up to max. 10, to accommodate to the different effects to be conceived cumulatively.

Table 2         Assignment of the R-phrases to the weighting factor QRisk

Q

No.

R-phrase

4

R1

Explosive when dry.

4

R2

Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.

5

R3

Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.

2

R4

Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds.

3

R5

Heating may cause an explosion.

4

R6

Explosive with or without contact with air.

3

R7

May cause fire.

4

R8

Contact with combustible material may cause fire.

3

R9

Explosive when mixed with combustible material.

1

R10

Flammable

2

R11

Highly flammable

3

R12

Extremely flammable

3

R13

Extremely flammable liquid gas

2

R14

Reacts violently with water.

3

R14/15

Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases.

3

R15

Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.

3

R15/29

Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gas.

3

R16

Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances.

4

R17

Spontaneously flammable in air.

3

R18

In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture.

3

R19

May form explosive peroxides.

1.5

R20

Harmful by inhalation.

1.5

R20/21

Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.

1.5

R20/21/22

Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

1.5

R20/22

Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.

1.5

R21

Harmful in contact with skin.

1.5

R21/22

Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.5

R22

Harmful if swallowed.

2.5

R23

Toxic by inhalation.

2.5

R23/24

Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin.

2.5

R23/24/25

Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

2.5

R23/25

Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.

2.5

R24

Toxic in contact with skin.

2.5

R24/25

Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.5

R25

Toxic if swallowed.

3.5

R26

Very toxic by inhalation.

3.5

R26/27

Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin.

3.5

R26/27/28

Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

3.5

R26/28

Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.

3.5

R27

Very toxic in contact with skin.

3.5

R27/28

Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.5

R28

Very toxic if swallowed.

1.5

R29

Contact with water liberates toxic gas.

1.5

R30

Can become highly flammable in use.

1.5

R31

Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.

2.5

R32

Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.

4

R33

Danger of cumulative effects.

2

R34

Causes burns.

3

R35

Causes severe burns.

1.5

R36

Irritating to eyes.

1.5

R36/37

Irritating to eyes and respiratory system.

1.5

R36/37/38

Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

1.5

R36/38

Irritating to eyes and skin.

1.5

R37

Irritating to respiratory system.

1.5

R37/38

Irritating to respiratory system and skin.

1.5

R38

Irritating to skin.

3.5

R39

Danger of very serious irreversible effects.

3.5

R39/23

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation.

3.5

R39/23/24

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.

3.5

R39/23/24/25

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

3.5

R39/23/25

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.

3.5

R39/24

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin.

3.5

R39/24/25

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.5

R39/25

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed.

4

R39/26

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation.

4

R39/26/27

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.

4

R39/26/27/28

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

4

R39/26/28

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.

4

R39/27

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin.

4

R39/27/28

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.5

R39/28

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed.

3

R40

Possible risks of irreversible effects.

3

R40/20

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation.

3

R40/20/21

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.

3

R40/20/21/22

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

3

R40/20/22

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.

3

R40/21

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin.

3

R40/21/22

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.5

R40/22

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed.

2

R41

Risk of serious damage to eyes.

4

R42

May cause sensitization by inhalation.

4

R42/43

May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact.

4

R43

May cause sensitization by skin contact.

4

R44

Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.

5

R45

May cause cancer.

5

R46

May cause heritable genetic damage.

5

R47

May cause deformities.

1.5

R48

Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.

1.5

R48/20

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation.

1.5

R48/20/21

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin.

1.5

R48/20/21/22

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

1.5

R48/20/22

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed.

1.5

R48/21

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin.

1.5

R48/21/22

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.1

R48/22

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed.

2.5

R48/23

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation.

2.5

R48/23/24

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin.

2.5

R48/23/24/25

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

2.5

R48/23/25

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed.

2.5

R48/24

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin.

2.5

R48/24/25

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed.

0.1

R48/25

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed.

5

R49

May cause cancer by inhalation.

0.1

R50

Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

0.1

R50/53

Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

0.1

R51

Toxic to aquatic organisms.

0.1

R51/53

Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

0.1

R52

Harmful to aquatic organisms.

0.1

R52/53

Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

0.1

R53

May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

0.1

R54

Toxic to flora.

0.1

R55

Toxic to fauna.

0.1

R56

Toxic to soil organisms.

0.1

R57

Toxic to bees.

0.1

R58

May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment.

0.1

R59

Dangerous for the ozone layer.

5

R60

May impair fertility.

5

R61

May cause harm to the unborn child.

5

R62

Possible risk of impaired fertility.

5

R63

Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.

5

R64

May cause harm to breastfed babies.

0.5

R65

Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed.

0.1

R66

Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.

0.1

R67

Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness.

To be able to estimate the risk potential for the employee with EATOS, the substances on the input-side presented under the denotation ‘S-1’ in form of a column, are weighted with the weighting factors specified for them. Besides, the environmental index for the input ‘EI_in’ (Environmental Index (Input)), if desired, together with the category ‘Claiming of resources’, is formed.

 

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